Basic Components you must Know about the AWS
AWS is Market Leader in Cloud Services
Amazon Currently has 11 regions which ideally is just a geographical area, Each region can have more then one Availability Zones also Known as AZ.
you can find more information on the same here.
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/Concepts.RegionsAndAvailabilityZones.html
Edge Locations are simply data centers to serve your content so the pages and data are rendered to the users more quickly
this is also known as AWS CDN (Content Delivery Network)
more explanation is provided here
https://www.experts-exchange.com/articles/18666/AWS-Regions-Availability-Zones-and-Edge-Locations-explained.html